With the development of several big mining projects and its related infrastructure, it is expected that significant regional migration could happen in coming years. Therefore, current state of the migration (rural to urban, rural to rural) should be assessed and impact of migration on socioeconomic conditions of the country and livelihoods of the migrants as well as non-migrants. Recent study on migration (World Bank, 2011), based on 2007/2008 Household and Economic and Social Survey, stated that more than 31 percent of adult population migrated and poverty incidence of migrants to aimag centers and to Ulaanbaatar are as high as 33 percent and 24 percent respectively.

The aim of the study is to address the following issues:

• Discuss developments in migration with most recent data
• Assess misallocation of population and labor across Mongolia's regions. In particular, assess the impact of migration on livelihoods of migrants and non-migrants
• Assess whether current migration trends serve long-term needs of Mongolia's development or exacerbate social and economic imbalances, including uncontrollable growth of the capital city and depopulation of the rest of the country
• Assess current policies that regulate migration, and effectiveness of these policies
• Discuss future possible policy choices that are available to improve the livelihoods of both migrants and non-migrants